# Study Materials

## I. Atmospheric Climatology

Study materials.
ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS | DATA LINKS
--- | ---
Zonal winds in m/s | Annual-mean zonal wind U DJF zonal wind U JJA zonal wind U
Meridional overturning circulation | Annual overturning streamfunction in 1e9 kg/sec
Zonal-mean temperature (C) | Annual-mean zonal-mean temperature, T (C) DJF zonal-mean temperature, T (C) JJA zonal-mean temperature, T (C)
Zonal-mean potential temperature (K) | Annual zonal-mean potential temperature (K) DJF zonal-mean potential temperature (K) JJA zonal-mean potential temperature (K) Annual-mean, zonal-average Moist potential temperature Temperature profiles averaged over in the tropical belt - 30N to 30S Dry potential temperature Moist potential temperature
Zonal-mean geopotential anomaly (m) | Zonal-mean geopotential anomaly (m) DJF zonal-mean geopotential anomaly (m) JJA zonal-mean geopotential anomaly (m)
Zonal-mean specific humidity (g/kg) | Annual-mean zonal-mean specific humidity (g/kg) Saturated specific humidity for annual-mean conditions: q* (g/kg) DJF zonal-mean specific humidity (g/kg) JJA zonal-mean specific humidity (g/kg)
Zonal-mean relative humidity (%) | Annual-mean zonal-mean relative humidity (%) DJF zonal-mean relative humidity (%) JJA zonal-mean relative humidity (%)
Surface air temperature | January surface air temperature July surface air temperature January - July surface air temperature
Maps of Outgoing longwave radiation (in W/m**2) | Annual-mean OLR (in W/m**2) Annual-mean, zonal average OLW DJF OLR (in W/m**2) JJA OLR (in W/m**2)
Global average atmospheric quantities | Temperature and potential temperature Temperature Potential temperature Specific humidity Wind
Cloud pictures | Cumulus clouds Cumulonimbus cloud Supercell
Surface pressure | Annual-mean Surface Pressure Zonal average surface pressure Zonal average zonal surface wind Zonal average meridional surface wind
Albedo | Albedo of the Earth's surface

## II. Ocean Climatology

Study materials.
OCEANIC OBSERVATIONS | DATA LINKS
--- | ---
Bathymetry | Bathymetry
Annual mean Sea Surface Temperature (SST) | Annual-mean SST DJF SST JJA SST SST evolving over the year Instantaneous map of SST as observed by satellite
Annual mean Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) | Annual mean surface salinity distribution (in psu)
Sea Surface topography | Ten-year mean height of the sea surface relative to the geoid (in cms)
Annual average zonal-mean potential temperature | Cross-section of zonal-average temperature over top km Cross-section of zonal-average temperature over whole water column Zonal average Temperature across Atlantic (0 to 60W)
Annual average zonal-mean Salinity | Cross-section of zonal-average salinity over top km (in psu) Cross-section of zonal-average salinity over whole water column Zonal average Salinity across Atlantic (0 to 60W)
Annual average zonal-mean potential density (referenced to the surface) | Cross-section of zonal-average potential density over top km Zonal-average potential density over whole water column Depth of the sigma = 26.5 surface (annual mean) Annual-mean Potential density at 100m depth
Mean ocean stratification | N/f_ref at a depth of 200m f x N**2 (normalized) on 26.5 surface in the Pacific f x N**2 (normalized) on 27.5 surface in the Pacific f x N**2 (normalized) on 26.5 surface in the Atlantic f x N**2 (normalized) on 27.4 surface in the Atlantic
Air-sea heat flux | Solar + longwave (positive is out of the ocean, negative in to the ocean) Latent heat flux Sensible heat flux Net air-sea heat flux Solar Longwave
Annual Mean Precipitation, Evaporation Rate (m/yr) | Evaporation Annual Mean Precipitation Rate
Wind Stress, curl and Ekman pumping | Annual mean surface stress (0.1 N/m2) Annual mean Ekman pumping (in meters/year)
Sverdrup transport | Sverdrup transport in the Pacific
Hydrography | Gulf Stream 30S: Atlantic 30W: Atlantic
Mixed layer depth | Mixed layer depth in JFM (m) Mixed layer depth in JJA (m)
Oxygen distribution in ml/l | Zonal average across the Atlantic Zonal average across the Pacific