# Readings

## General Readings

Bardhan, Pranab, and Christopher Udry. Development Microeconomics. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 1999. ISBN: 9780198773719.

Deaton, Angus. The Analysis of Household Surveys. Baltimore, MD: John Hopkins University Press, 1997. ISBN: 9780801852541.

Ray, Debraj. Development Economics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1998. ISBN: 9780691017068.

Banerjee, Abhijit, Roland Benabou and Dilip Mookherjee, eds. Understanding Poverty. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press, 2006. ISBN: 9780195305203.

## Articles on Methods

Holland, Paul. "Statistics and Causal Inference." Journal of the American Statistical Association 81 (1986): 945-960.

Meyer, Bruce D. "Natural and Quasi-Experiments in Economics." Journal of Business and Economic Statistics 13, no. 2 (1995): 151-161.

Angrist, Joshua, and Alan Krueger. "Instrumental Variables and the Search for Identification: From Supply and Demand to Natural Experiments." Journal of Economic Perspectives 15, no. 4 (2001): 69-87.

Angrist, Josh, and Alan Krueger. "Empirical Strategies in Labor Economics." Chapter 23 in Handbook of Labor Economics. Vol. 3A. Edited by Orley Ashenfelter and David Card. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: North Holland, 1999. ISBN: 9780444501875. (recommended reading)

Duflo, Esther, Rachel Glennerster, and Michael Kremer. "Using Randomization in Development Economics Research: A Toolkit." Chapter 61 in Handbook of Development Economics. Vol. 4. Edited by T. Paul Schultz and John Strauss. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: North Holland, 2008. ISBN: 9780444531001. (recommended reading)

Imbens, Guido W., and Jeffrey M. Wooldridge. "Recent Developments in the Econometrics of Program Evaluation." Journal of Economic Literature 47, no. 1 (2009): 5-86.

## Readings by Session

Course readings.
SES # | TOPICS | READINGS
--- | --- | ---
1 | Introduction | Banerjee, Abhijit, and Esther Duflo. "Economic Lives of the Poor." Journal of Economic Perspectives 21, no. 1 (2006): 141-167. ———. "What is Middle Class About the Middle Classes Around the World?" Journal of Economic Perspectives 22, no. 4 (2008): 3-28. Banerjee, Abhijit. "Big Answers for Big Questions: The Presumption of Growth Policy." Paper for the Brookings conference on "What Works in Development? Thinking Big and Thinking Small." June 30, 2008. ( PDF) Acemoglu, Daron, Simon Johnson, and James A. Robinson. "The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development: An Empirical Investigation." American Economic Review 91, no. 5 (2001): 1369-1401. Mankiw, N. Gregory, David Romer, and David N. Weil. "A Contribution to the Empirics of Economic Growth." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 107, no. 2 (1992): 407-437. Caselli, Francesco. "Accounting for Cross-Country Income Differences." Chapter 9 in Handbook of Economic Growth. Vol. 1A. Edited by Philippe Aghion and Steven Durlauf. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: North Holland, 2006. ISBN: 9780444520418. Dollar, David, and Aart Kray. "Growth is Good for the Poor." Journal of Economic Growth 7 (2002): 195-225. Bills, Mark, and Pete Klenow. "Does Schooling Cause Growth?" The American Economic Review 90, no. 5 (2000): 1160-1183. Rodrik, Dani, Arvind Subramanian, and Francesco Trebbi. "Institutions Rule: The Primacy of Institutions over Geography and Integration in Economic Development." Journal of Economic Growth 9, no. 2 (2002): 131-165. Sala i Martin, Xavier. "The World Distribution of Income: Falling Poverty and Convergence, Period." Quarterly Journal of Economics 121, no. 2 (2006): 351-397.
2 | The capacity curve | Must Read in Detail Dasgupta, Partha, and Debraj Ray. "Inequality as a Determinant of Malnutrition and Unemployment: Theory." The Economic Journal 96 (1986): 1011-1034. Srinivasan, T. N. "Destitution: A Discourse." Journal of Economic Literature 32, no. 4 (1994): 1842-55.
3 | Demand for health and calories | ### General Strauss, John, and Duncan Thomas. "Human Resources: Empirical Modeling of Household and Family Decisions." Chapter 34 in Handbook of Development Economics. Vol. 3A. Edited by Jere Behrman and T. N. Srinivasan. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: North Holland, 1995. ISBN: 9780444823014. ### Nutrition Subramanian, Shankar, and Angus Deaton. "The Demand for Food and Calories." Journal of Political Economy 104 (1996): 133-162. Deaton, Angus, and Jean Drèze. "Nutrition in India: Facts and Interpretation." Unpublished paper, April 2008. (PDF) Dasgupta, Partha, and Debraj Ray. "Inequality as a Determinant of Malnutrition and Unemployment: Policy." The Economic Journal 97 (1986): 177-188. Miguel, Edward. "Poverty and Witch Killing." The Review of Economic Studies 72, no. 4 (2005): 1153-1172. Jensen, Robert T., and Nolan Miller. "Do Consumer Price Subsidies Really Improve Nutrition?" Center for International Development Working Paper No. 160, Harvard University, April 2008. (PDF) ———. "Giffen Behavior: Theory and Evidence." Center for International Development Working Paper No. 148, Harvard University, July 2007. (PDF) Behrman, Jere R., and Anil B. Deolalikar. "Will Developing Country Nutrition Improve with Income? A Case Study for Rural South India." Journal of Political Economy 95, no. 3 (1987): 492-507. Banerjee, Abhijit, Esther Duflo, Gilles Postel-Vinay, and Tim Watts. "Long Run Impacts of Income Shocks: Wine and Phylloxera in 19th Century France." Centre for Economic Policy Research Discussion Paper No. 6140. London, February 2007. Strauss, John, and Duncan Thomas. "Health, Nutrition and Economic Development." Journal of Economic Literature 36 (1998): 766-817. ### Health seeking behavior Duflo, Esther, Abhijit Banerjee, and Angus Deaton. "Wealth, Health, and Health Services in Rural Rajasthan." American Economic Review Papers and Proceedings 94, no. 2 (2004): 326-330. Kremer, Michael, and Alaka Hola. "Pricing and Access: Evidence from Randomized Evaluations in Education and Health." Brookings Global Economy and Development Conference, August 2008. Cohen, Jessica, and Pascaline Dupas. "Free Distribution vs. Cost-Sharing: Evidence from a Malaria-Prevention Field Experiment in Kenya." Brookings Institution Global Economy and Development Working Paper No. 11, December 2007. (PDF - 1.24 MB) Banerjee, Abhijit, Esther Duflo, Rachel Glennerster and Dhruva Kothari. "Improving Immunization Coverage in Rural India: A Clustered Randomized Controlled Evaluation of Immunization Campaigns With and Without Incentives." Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 2008. Dow, Will, et al. "Health Care Prices, Health and Labor Outcomes: Experimental evidence." RAND Labor and Population Program Working Paper Series 97-01, DRU-1588-NIA, January 1997. (PDF - 1.8 MB) Dupas, Pascaline. "Relative Risks and the Market for Sex: Teenage Pregnancy, HIV, and Partner Selection in Kenya." Unpublished paper, October 2007.
4 | Productivity effects of health | Must Read in Detail Bleakley, Hoyt. "Malaria Eradication in The Americas: A Retrospective Analysis of Childhood Exposure." Unpublished paper, August 2006. (PDF - 1.5 MB) ### Nutrition Strauss, John. "Does Better Nutrition Raise Farm Productivity?" Journal of Political Economy 94 (1986): 297-320. Other Readings Strauss, John, and Duncan Thomas. "Health, Nutrition and Economic Development." Journal of Economic Literature 36, no. 2 (1998): 766-817. Foster, Andrew, and Mark Rosenzweig. "Information, Learning, and Wage Rates in Rural Labor Markets." Journal of Human Resources 28, no. 4 (1994): 759-790. ### Worms, iron, and iodine Miguel, Edward, and Michael Kremer. "Worms: Identifying Impacts on Education and Health in the Presence of Treatment Externalities." Econometrica 72, no. 1 (2004): 159-217. Field, Erica, Omar Robles, and Maximo Torero. "Iodine Deficiency and Schooling Attainment in Tanzania." Unpublished paper, January 2007. (PDF - 1.3 MB) Bleakley, Hoyt. "Disease and Development: Evidence from Hookworm Eradication in the American South." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 122, no. 1 (2007): 73-117. Bobonis, Gustavo J., Edward Miguel, and Charu Puri Sharma. "Iron Deficiency Anemia and School Participation." Journal of Human Resources 41, no. 4 (2006): 692-721. Thomas, Duncan, et al. "Iron Deficiency and the Well-Being of Older Adults: Early Results from a Randomized Nutrition Intervention." Paper presented at the Population Association of America Annual Meetings, Minneapolis, April 2003, and the International Studies in Health and Economic Development Network meeting, San Francisco, May 2003. (PDF) ### Diseases Acemoglu, Daron, and Simon Johnson. "Disease and Development: The Effect of Life Expectancy on Economic Growth." Journal of Political Economy 115 (6 (2006): 925-985. Almond, Douglas. "Is the 1918 Influenza Pandemic Over? Long-term Effects of in utero Influenza Exposure in the Post-1940 U.S. Population." Journal of Political Economy 114, no. 4 (2006): 672-712.
5 | Private and social returns to education | Griliches, Z. "Estimating the Returns to Schooling: Some Econometric Problems." Econometrica 45, no. 1 (1977): 1-22. Card, David. "The Causal Effect of Education on Earnings." Chapter 30 in Handbook of Labor Economics. Vol. 3A. Edited by Orley Ashenfelter and David Card. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: North Holland, 1999. ISBN: 9780444501875. Duflo, Esther. "Schooling and Labor Market Consequences of School Construction in Indonesia: Evidence from an Unusual Policy Experiment." American Economic Review 91, no. 4 (2001): 795-813 Duflo, Esther. "The Medium Run Effects of Educational Expansion: Evidence from a Large School Construction Program in Indonesia." Journal of Development Economics 74, no. 1 (2004): 163-197. Bills, Mark, and Pete Klenow. "Does Schooling Cause Growth?" The American Economic Review 90, no. 5 (2000): 1160-1183.
6 | Education quality | Must Read in Detail Duflo, Esther, Rema Hanna, and Stephen Ryan. "Monitoring Works: Getting Teachers to Come to School." Centre for Economic Policy Research Discussion Paper No. 6682. London, February 2008. Other Readings ### General Glewwe, Paul, and Michael Kremer. "Schools, Teachers, and Education Outcomes in Developing Countries." Chapter 16 in Handbook of the Economics of Education. Vol. 2. Edited by Erik A. Hanushek and Finis Welch. Amsterdam, The Netherlands: North Holland, 2006. ISBN: 9780444528193. Duflo, Esther, and Michael Kremer. "Use of Randomization in the Evaluation of Development Effectiveness." Paper for the Conference on Evaluating Development Effectiveness, World Bank Operations Evaluation Department (OED), Washington, D.C., July 15-16, 2003. (PDF) ### Class size Angrist, Joshua, and Victor Lavy. "Using Maimonides' Rule to Estimate the Effect of Class Size on Scholastic Achievement." Quarterly Journal of Economics 114, no. 2 (1999): 533-575. Urquiola, Miguel, and Eric Verhoogen. "Class Size Caps, Sorting, and the Regression Discontinuity Design." American Economic Review 99, no. 1 (2009): 179-215. Duflo, Esther, Pascaline Dupas, and Michael Kremer. "Peer Effects, Pupil-Teacher Ratios, and Teacher Incentives: Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation in Kenya." Unpublished paper, September 2007. (PDF) ### Teacher absence Chaudhury, Nazmul, Jeffrey Hammer, Michael Kremer, Karthik Muralidharan, and F. Halsey Rogers. "Teacher Absence in India: A Snapshot." Journal of the European Economic Association 3, no. 2-3 (2005): 658-667. Banerjee, Abhijit, and Esther Duflo. "Addressing Absence." Journal of Economic Perspectives 20, no. 1 (2006): 117-132. ### Curriculum, pedagogy, tracking, etc. Duflo, Esther, Pascaline Dupas, and Michael Kremer. "Peer Effects and the Impacts of Tracking: Evidence from a Randomized Evaluation in Kenya." Unpublished paper, June 2007. (PDF) Glewwe, Paul, Michael Kremer, and Sylvie Moulin. "Many Children Left Behind? Textbooks and Test Scores in Kenya." American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 1, no. 1 (2009): 112-135. Banerjee, Abhijit, Shawn Cole, Esther Duflo, and Leigh Linden. "Remedying Education: Evidence from Two Randomized Experiments in India." Quarterly Journal of Economics 122, no. 3 (2007): 1235-1264.
7 | Education policy and market equilibrium | Banerjee, Abhijit. "Educational Policy and the Economics of the Family." Journal of Development Economics 74, no. 1 (2004): 3-32. Angrist, Joshua, Eric Bettinger, and Michael Kremer. "Long-Term Educational Consequences of Secondary School Vouchers: Evidence from Administrative Records in Colombia." American Economic Review 96, no. 3 (2006): 847-862. Angrist, Joshua, Eric Bettinger, Erik Bloom, Michael Kremer, and Elizabeth King. "Vouchers for Private Schooling in Colombia: Evidence from Randomized Natural Experiments." The American Economic Review 92, no. 5 (2002): 1535-1558. Urquiola, Miguel, and Chang-Tai Hsieh. "The Effects of Generalized School Choice on Achievement and Stratification: Evidence from Chile's School Voucher Program." Journal of Public Economics 90 (2006): 1477-1503. Foster, Andrew, and Mark Rosenzweig. "Technical Change and Human-Capital Returns and Investments: Evidence from the Green Revolution." American Economic Review 84, no. 4 (1996): 931-953. Jensen, Robert. "The Perceived Returns to Education and the Demand for Schooling." Unpublished paper, 2007. (PDF) Nguyen, Trang. "Information, Role Models and Perceived Returns to Education: Experimental Evidence from Madagascar." MIT, January 2008.
8 | Gender discrimination | Rose, Eliana. "Consumption Smoothing and Excess Female Mortality in Rural India." Review of Economics and Statistics 81, no. 1 (1999): 41-49. Foster, Andrew, and Mark Rosenzweig. "Missing Women, the Marriage Market and Economic Growth." Unpublished paper, November 2001. (PDF) Deaton, Angus. "Looking for Boy-Girl Discrimination in Household Expenditure Data." World Bank Economic Review 3, no. 1 (1989): 1-15. Qian, Nancy. "Missing Women and the Price of Tea in China." Quarterly Journal of Economics 123, no. 3 (2008): 1251-1285. Beaman, Lori, Esther Duflo, and Raghabendra Chattopadhyay. "Powerful Women: Does Exposure Reduce Bias?" University of California, San Diego, March 2008. Rose, Elaina. "Gender Bias, Credit Constraints and Time Allocation in Rural India." The Economic Journal 110, no. 465 (2000): 738-758.
9-10 | Public finance | Must Read in Detail Besley, T., and R. Kanbur. "Food Subsidies and Poverty Alleviation." The Economic Journal 98, no. 392 (1988): 701-719. Other Readings ### Externalities Kremer, Michael, and Edward Miguel. "Illusion of Sustainability." Quarterly Journal of Economics 122, no. 3 (2007): 1007-1065. ### Public goods Duflo, Esther, and Rohini Pande. "Dams." Quarterly Journal of Economics 122, no. 2 (2007): 601-646. Galiani, S., P. Gertler, and E. Schargrodsky. "Water for Life: The Impact of the Privatization of Water Services on Child Mortality." Journal of Political Economy 113, no. 1 (2005): 83-120. Khwaja, Asim Ijaz. "Can Good Projects Succeed In Bad Communities?" Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University, December 2007. (PDF) Olken, Benjamin A. "Monitoring Corruption: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Indonesia." Journal of Political Economy 115, no. 2 (2007): 200-249. Wade, Robert. Village Republics: Economic Conditions for Collective Action in South India. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2007. ISBN: 9780521051781. Dinkleman, Taryn. "The Effects of Rural Electrification on Employment: New Evidence from South Africa." Job Market Paper. University of Michigan, January 2008. (PDF) ### Redistribution Nichols, A. L. and R. J. Zeckhauser. "Targeting Transfers through Restrictions on Recipients." American Economic Review 72, no. 2 (1982): 372-377. Galasso, E., and M. Ravallion. "Decentralized Targeting of An Antipoverty Program." Journal of Public Economics 89, no. 4 (2005): 705-727. Olken, Benjamin A. "Corruption and the Costs of Redistribution." Journal of Public Economics 90, nos. 4-5 (2007): 853-870. Elbers, Chris, Jean O. Lanjouw, and Peter Lanjouw. "Micro-Level Estimation of Poverty and Inequality." Econometrica 71, no. 1 (2003): 355-364. Sumarto, S., A. Suryahadi, and L. Pritchett. "Safety Nets or Safety Ropes? Dynamic Benefit Incidence of Two Crisis Programs in Indonesia." World Development 31, no. 7 (2003): 1257-1277. ### Taxation Fisman, Raymond, and Shang-Jin Wei. "Tax Rates and Tax Evasion: Evidence from 'Missing Imports' in China." Journal of Political Economy 112, no. 2 (2004): 471-496. Gordon, Roger H., and Wei Li. "Tax Structure in Developing Countries: Many Puzzles and a Possible Explanation." NBER Working Paper No. W11267, March 2005. (PDF)
11-12 | Decision making within families | Must Read in Detail Duflo, Esther, and Christopher Udry. "Intrahousehold Resource Allocation in Côte d'Ivoire: Social Norms, Separate Accounts and Consumption Choices." MIT, June 2003. (PDF) Other Readings Duflo, Esther. "Grandmothers and Granddaughters: Old Age Pension and Intra-household Allocation in South Africa." World Bank Economic Review 17, no. 1 (2003): 1-25. Udry, Christopher. "Gender, Agricultural Production, and the Theory of the Household." Journal of Political Economy 104, no. 5 (1996): 1010-1045. Chiappori, Pierre-André, Bernard Fortin and Guy Lacroix. "Marriage Market, Divorce Legislation, and Household Labor Supply." Journal of Political Economy 110, no. 1 (2002): 37-72. Angrist, Josh. "How Do Sex Ratios Affect Marriage and Labor Markets? Evidence from America's Second Generation." The Quarterly Journal of Economics 117, no. 3 (2002): 997-1038. Thomas, Duncan. "Like Father, Like Son: Like Mother, Like Daughter: Parental Resources and Child Height." Journal of Human Resources 24, no. 4 (1994): 950-988. Lundberg, Shelly J., Robert A. Pollak, and Terence J. Wales. "Do Husbands and Wives Pool their Resources? Evidence from the United Kingdom Child Benefit." Journal of Human Resources 32, no. 4 (1996): 463-480. Bertrand, M., S. Mullainathan, and D. Miller. "Public Policy and Extended Families: Evidence from Pensions in South Africa." World Bank Economic Review 17, no. 1 (2003): 27-50. Case, A., and A. Deaton. "Large Cash Transfers to the Elderly in South Africa." The Economic Journal 108, no. 450 (1998): 1330-1361. Ashraf, Nava. "Spousal Control and Intra-household Decision Making: An Experimental Study in the Philippines." American Economic Review (forthcoming). (PDF) Robinson, Jonathan. "Limited Insurance Within the Household: Evidence from a Field Experiment in Western Kenya." University of California, Santa Cruz, April 2008. (PDF) Goldstein, Marcus, and Chris Udry. "The Profits of Power: Land Rights and Agricultural Investment in Ghana." Yale University, September 2008. (PDF)
13-14 | Firms and contracts | Must Read in Detail Tirole, Jean. "A Theory of Collective Reputations (With Applications to the Persistence of Corruption and to Firm Quality)." Review of Economic Studies 63, no. 1 (1996): 1-22. Other Readings ### Contracts and reputation Greif, Avner. "Contract Enforceability and Economic Institutions in Early Trade: The Maghribi Traders' Coalition." American Economic Review 83, no. 3 (1993): 525-548. Banerjee, Abhijit, and Esther Duflo. "Reputation Effects and the Limits of Contracting: A Study of the Indian Software Industry." Quarterly Journal of Economics 115, no. 3 (2000): 989-1017. McMillan, John, and Christopher Woodruff. "Interfirm Relationships and Informal Credit in Vietnam." Quarterly Journal of Economics 114, no. 4 (1999): 1285-1320. Raymond J. Fisman. "Ethnic Ties and the Provision of Credit." Advances in Economic Analysis and Policy 3, no. 1 (2003). Fafchamps, Marcel. "Ethnicity and Credit in African Manufacturing." Journal of Development Economics 61 (2000): 205-235. ### Corporate finance Bertrand, Marianne, Paras Mehta, and Sendhil Mullainathan. "Ferreting Out Tunneling: An Application to Indian Business Groups." Quarterly Journal of Economics 117, no. 1 (2002): 121-148. Khanna, Tarun, and Krishna Palepu. "Is Group Affiliation Profitable in Emerging Markets? An Analysis of Diversified Indian Business Groups." Journal of Finance 55, no. 2 (2000): 867-91. Perez-Gonzalez, Francisco. "Inherited Control and Firm Performance." American Economic Review 96 (2006): 1559-1588. la Porta, Rafael, Florencio Lopez-De-Silanes, and Andrei Shleifer. "Corporate Ownership Around the World." The Journal of Finance 54, no. 2 (1999): 471-517. Caselli, Francesco, and Nicola Gennaioli. "Dynastic Management." NBER Working Paper No. 9442, December 2005. (PDF) Burkart, Panunzi, and Andrei Shleifer. "Family Firms." Journal of Finance 58, no. 5 (2003): 2167-2202. Macchiavello, Rocco. "Contractual Institutions, Financial Development and Vertical Integration: Theory and Evidence." Centre for Economic Policy Research Discussion Paper No. 5903. London, October 2006.
15-16 | Technology | Must Read in Detail Foster, A. D., and M. R. Rosenzweig. "Learning by Doing and Learning from Others: Human Capital and Technical Change in Agriculture." Journal of Political Economy 103, no. 6 (1995): 1176-1209. Other Readings Jensen, R. "The Digital Provide: Information (Technology), Market Performance and Welfare in the South Indian Fisheries Sector." Quarterly Journal of Economics 122, no. 3 (2008): 879-924. Duflo, Esther, Michael Kremer, and Jonathan Robinson. "Understanding Technology Adoption: Fertilizer in Western Kenya, Evidence from Field Experiments." Unpublished working paper, April 2006. (PDF) Conley, Timothy, and Christopher Udry. "Learning about a New Technology: Pineapple in Ghana." Unpublished working paper, July 2005. (PDF) Oriana, Bandeira, and Imran Rasul. "Social Networks and Technology Adoption in Northern Mozambique." The Economic Journal 116, no. 514 (2006): 869-902. Banerjee, Abhijit. "A Simple Model of Herd Behavior." Quarterly Journal of Economics 107, no. 3 (1992): 797-817. Ellison, G., and D. Fudenberg. "Rules of Thumb for Social Learning." Journal of Political Economy 101, no. 4 (1993): 612-643. Kremer, Michael. "Pharmaceuticals and the Developing World." Journal of Economic Perspectives 16, no. 4 (2002): 67-90. Glennerster, Rachel, Michael Kremer, and Heidi Williams. "Creating Markets for Vaccines." Innovations 1, no. 1 (2006): 67-79. Aghion, Pierre, Robin Burgess, Stephen Redding, and Fabrizio Zilibotti. "The Unequal Effects of Liberalization: Evidence from Dismantling the License Raj in India." American Economic Review 98, no. 4 (2008): 1397-1412. (PDF)
17-18 | Labor and migration | Must Read in Detail Benjamin, Dwayne. "Household Composition, Labor Markets, and Labor Demand: Testing for Separation in Agricultural Household Models." Econometrica 60 (1992): 287-322. Other Readings ### Labor supply and labor demand Jayachandran, Seema. "Selling Labor Low: Wage Responses to Productivity Shocks in Developing Countries." Journal of Political Economy 114, no. 3 (2006): 538-575. Freeman, Richard. "Labor Markets and Institutions in Economic Development." American Economic Review 83, no. 2 (1993): 403-408. Schultz, Theodore W. "The Doctrine of Agricultural Labor of Zero Value." Chapter 4 in Transforming Traditional Agriculture. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1964. Schultz, T. W. "The Value of the Ability to Deal with Disequilibria." Journal of Economic Literature 13, no. 3 (1975): 827-846. Besley, Timothy, and Robin Burgess. "Can Labor Regulation Hinder Economic Performance? Evidence from India." Quarterly Journal of Economics 109, no. 1 (2004): 91-134. ### Migration Munshi, Kaivan. "Networks in the Modern Economy: Mexican Migrants in the U.S. Labor Market." Quarterly Journal of Economics 118, no. 2 (2003): 549-599. Yang, Dean. "International Migration, Remittances, and Household Investment: Evidence from Philippine Migrants' Exchange Rate Shocks." The Economic Journal 118, no. 528 (2008): 591-630. Munshi, Kaivan, and Mark Rosenzweig. "Why is Mobility in India So Low? Social Insurance, Inequality, and Growth." Unpublished paper, March 2009. (PDF) Banerjee, A. V., and A. F. Newman. "Information, the Dual Economy, and Development." Review of Economic Studies 65, no. 4 (1998): 631-53. Rosenzweig, Mark R. "The Global Migration of Skill." Carlos Diaz-Alejandro Lecture. Bogota, Colombia, October 2007.
19-20 | Land | Must Read in Detail Banerjee, Abhijit, Paul Gertler and Maitresh Ghatak. "Empowerment and Efficiency: Tenancy Reform in West Bengal." Journal of Political Economy 110, no. 2 (2002): 239-280. Other Readings Shaban, Radwan. "Testing between Competing Models of Sharecropping." Journal of Political Economy 95, no. 5 (1987): 893-920. Banerjee, Abhijit. "Prospects and Strategies for Land Reforms." In Annual World Bank Conference on Development Economics 1999. Edited by Boris Pleskovic and Joseph E. Stiglitz. Washington, DC: World Bank, 2001, pp. 253-284. ISBN: 9780821349052. An earlier version: (PDF) Field, Erica. "Entitled to Work: Urban Property Rights and Labor Supply in Peru." Unpublished paper, July 2003. Field, Erica, and Maximo Torero. "Do Property Titles Increase Credit Access Among the Urban Poor? Evidence from a Nationwide Titling Program." Unpublished paper, January 2004. Goldstein, Marcus, and Chris Udry. "Gender, Power and Agricultural Investment in Ghana." Unpublished paper, April 2004. (PDF)
21 | The supply-side of the markets for credit and savings | Must Read in Detail Karlan, Dean, and Jonathan Zinman. "Observing Unobservables: Identifying Information Asymmetries with a Consumer Credit Field Experiment." Unpublished paper, September 2008. (PDF) Web appendix: (PDF) Other Readings ### Credit constraints? Aleem, Irfan. "Imperfect Information, Screening and the Costs of Informal Lending: A Study of a Rural Credit Market in Pakistan." World Bank Economic Review 3 (1990): 329-349. Banerjee, Abhijit. "Contracting Constraints, Credit Markets, and Economic Development." In Advances in Economics and Econometrics: Theory and Applications, Eight World Congress of the Econometric Society. Vol. 3. Edited by M. Dewatripoint, L. Hansen and S. Turnovsky. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 2003, pp. 1-46. ISBN: 9780521524131. Banerjee, Abhijit, and Esther Duflo. "Do Firms Want to Borrow More? Testing Credit Constraints Using a Directed Lending Program." Unpublished paper, August 2004. (PDF) Banerjee, Abhijit, and Kaivan Munshi. "How Efficiently is Capital Allocated? Evidence from the Knitted Garment Industry in Tirupur." Review of Economic Studies 71, no. 1 (2004): 19-42. ### Intermediaries in the credit market Burgess, Robin, and Rohini Pande. "Do Rural Banks Matter? Evidence from the Indian Social Banking Experiment." American Economic Review 95, no. 3 (2005): 780-795. Cole, Shawn A. "Fixing Market Failures or Fixing Elections? Agricultural Credit in India." Unpublished paper, April 2007. (PDF) Khwaja, Asim, and Atif Mian. "Do Lenders Favor Politically Connected Firms? Rent Provision in an Emerging Financial Market." Quarterly Journal of Economics 120, no. 4 (2005): 1371-1411. Paravasini, Daniel, Andrew Hertzberg and Jose Liberti. "Information and Incentives inside the Firm: Evidence from Loan Officer Rotation." Unpublished paper, March 2007. (PDF) ———. "Public Information and Coordination: Evidence from a Credit Registry Expansion." Unpublished paper, October 2008. Morduch, Jonathan. "The Microfinance Promise." Journal of Economic Literature 37, no. 4 (1999): 1569-1614. Pitt, Mark, and Shahidur Khandker. "The Impact of Group-based Credit Programs on Poor Households in Bangladesh: Does the Gender of Participants Matter?" Journal of Political Economy 106, no. 5 (1998): 958-996. Karlan, Dean. "Social Capital and Group Banking." Chapter 1 in Social Capital and Microfinance." PhD dissertation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. Field, Erica, and Rohini Pande. "Repayment Frequency and Default in Micro-finance: Evidence from India." Journal of the European Economic Association 6, no. 2-3 (2008): 501-509.
22-23 | The demand-side of the markets for credit and savings | Must Read in Detail Banerjee, Abhijit, and Sendhil Mullainathan. "The Shape of Temptation: Implications for the Economic Lives of the Poor." Unpublished paper, September 2008. (PDF) Other Readings Rosenzweig, Mark, and K. Wolpin. "Credit Market Constraints, Consumption Smoothing and the Accumulation of Durable Production Assets in Low-Income Countries: Investments in Bullocks in India." Journal of Political Economy 101, no. 2 (1993): 223-244. Fafchamps, Marcel, Christopher Udry, and Katie Czukas. "Drought and Savings in West Africa: Are Livestock a Buffer Stock?" Journal of Development Economics 55, no. 2 (1998): 273-306. Besley, T., Coate, S., and Loury, G. "The Economics of Rotating Savings and Credit Associations." American Economic Review 83, no. 4 (1993):792-810. Ashraf, Nava, Dean Karlan, and Wesley Yin. "Tying Odysseus to the Mast: Evidence from a Commitment Savings Product in the Philippines." Quarterly Journal of Economics 121, no. 2 (2006): 635-672. Karlan, Dean S., and Jonathan Zinman. "Credit Elasticities in Less Developed Countries: Implications for Microfinance." American Economic Review 8, no. 3 (2008): 1040-1068. Bertrand, Marianne, Dean Karlan, Sendhil Mullainathan, Eldar Shafir, and Jonathan Zinman. "How Much Does Psychology Matter? A Field Experiment in the Consumer Credit Market." Unpublished paper, March 2005.